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The kernel of NeXTSTEP is based upon the Mach kernel, which was originally developed at Carnegie Mellon University, with additional kernel layers and low-level user space code derived from parts of BSD. There, the Unix-like NeXTSTEP operating system was developed, before being launched in 1989. The heritage of what would become macOS had originated at NeXT, a company founded by Steve Jobs following his departure from Apple in 1985. As of 2022, the most recent release of macOS is macOS 13 Ventura. In 2020, Apple began the Apple silicon transition, using self-designed, 64-bit ARM-based Apple M series processors on the latest Macintosh computers.

In 2006, Apple transitioned to the Intel architecture with a line of Macs using Intel Core processors.

MacOS has supported three major processor architectures, beginning with PowerPC-based Macs in 1999. After sixteen distinct versions of macOS 10, macOS Big Sur was presented as version 11 in 2020, and every subsequent version has also incremented the major version number. Apple shortened the name to 'OS X' in 2011 and then changed it to 'macOS' in 2016 to align with the branding of Apple's other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. Apple's other operating systems ( iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, audioOS) are derivatives of macOS.Ī prominent part of macOS's original brand identity was the use of Roman numeral X, pronounced 'ten' as in Mac OS X and also the iPhone X, as well as code naming each release after species of big cats, or places within California. All releases from Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard and after are UNIX 03 certified, with an exception for Mac OS X 10.7 Lion. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released on March 24, 2001.

During this time, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs had left Apple and started another company, NeXT, developing the NeXTSTEP platform that would later be acquired by Apple to form the basis of macOS. MacOS succeeded the classic Mac OS, a Macintosh operating system from 1984 to 2001. Within the market of desktop and laptop computers, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows and ahead of Linux (including ChromeOS). It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. MacOS ( / ˌ m æ k oʊ ˈ ɛ s/ previously OS X and originally Mac OS X) is an operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc.

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